Empowering Africa’s Youth: Building a Brighter Future Without Leaving Home

Africa is a continent blessed with abundant natural and human resources, yet the youth and many young Africans are giving up on their dreams within their homelands, risking perilous journeys across deserts and the Mediterranean Sea in search of better opportunities in Europe. It is heart-wrenching to see the depth of despair that leads individuals and families to leave behind not only their lives but also their heritage and belongings, often selling their homes, lands, and possessions to finance journeys that promise safety, stability, and prosperity but frequently end in tragedy.

The pursuit of these so-called “greener pastures” comes with great personal and financial sacrifice. Many Africans, frustrated by the lack of job opportunities, stagnant economies, and political instability at home, resort to selling everything they have built or inherited just to escape. Land, homes, and even family heirlooms are often liquidated at minimal prices to fund a journey that holds no guarantees. The vision of a prosperous life in Europe, the Middle East, or North America is enough for many to sacrifice generations of family wealth and security. This exodus of talent and resources is especially tragic because Africa has the natural wealth and human capital to not only provide for its people but also to become one of the world’s leading economic players.

ALSO READ: Reasons For Ghanaian Youth Protest

Africa’s Wealth of Resources and Potential

Africa’s resources are unmatched and diverse, making it an incredibly wealthy continent. Here’s a look at the depth of Africa’s natural assets:

• Minerals: Africa holds around 40% of the world’s gold reserves, providing an essential metal used globally for both investment and industrial purposes.
• Chromium and platinum: The continent is responsible for up to 90% of the world’s reserves, critical to industries worldwide.
• Cobalt: Africa contributes 56% of the world’s cobalt, an essential component in batteries and modern technology.
• Manganese: Africa also holds 54% of the global manganese supply, which is critical for steel production.
• Other essential minerals: The continent is rich in iron, titanium, zinc, copper, and diamonds.
• Oil and natural gas: Africa boasts 12% of the world’s oil reserves and nearly 8% of the natural gas reserves.
• Agriculture: Africa’s fertile soil and access to clean water provide a strong foundation for food production, which could potentially meet not only the continent’s needs but also contribute significantly to global food security.

Accurate figures on African youth migration can vary by country and source, but here are some widely cited statistics and facts:

1. Scale of Migration: According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), around 36 million Africans lived outside their home countries as of recent years. While this includes adults, a significant proportion are young people under the age of 35, seeking better economic opportunities.
2. Youth Migration Trend: Research by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation highlights that nearly 70% of Africans under the age of 35 have considered emigrating due to economic and social challenges. In regions like West Africa, economic migration rates are among the highest on the continent.
3. Migration to Europe: Every year, thousands of African migrants attempt dangerous crossings of the Mediterranean. The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) reported that over 120,000 migrants crossed the Mediterranean from Africa to Europe in 2021 alone, with many coming from countries like Nigeria, Sudan, and Eritrea. Most of these migrants are between 15 and 29 years old.
4. Brain Drain: According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), one in five African university graduates leaves their home country in search of opportunities abroad, impacting local economies and development.
5. Internal Migration: It’s worth noting that many African youth also migrate within the continent, with countries like South Africa, Kenya, and Ghana becoming popular destinations for regional migrants seeking economic opportunities.

These numbers underscore the scale of youth migration from Africa, driven largely by economic factors and limited opportunities in their home countries.

Despite this immense natural wealth, the growth and development of Africa remain hindered. Much of this is due to poor governance, where leaders have historically mismanaged resources, handing control to foreign nations like Europe, America, and China, often to the detriment of local economies. Instead of investing these resources back into infrastructure, education, healthcare, and job creation, these assets have been extracted and exported, benefiting other economies and leaving Africa lagging behind in development.

The Impact of Leadership Failures

Africa’s failure to capitalize on its resources is largely attributed to leadership issues, with corruption and mismanagement rampant in many regions. Instead of creating policies that empower citizens and foster economic growth, many leaders have entered agreements with foreign nations and corporations that prioritize profit over people. This situation has led to widespread unemployment, an outdated education system, and a general lack of opportunities, pushing young Africans to consider other ways to secure their futures.

Education, which should serve as a tool for empowerment, is often ineffective due to outdated curriculums that fail to equip students with skills that align with today’s job market demands. Consequently, many young people graduate from school without the skills necessary to succeed, leaving them vulnerable and without direction. With limited access to good jobs and financial security, the youth are increasingly turning to desperate measures, including internet crime and illegal migration.

Selling Everything for a Chance Abroad

The desperation has reached a point where young Africans, particularly those in economically depressed regions, are selling their possessions to afford the cost of migration. It is common for families to sell land, homes, livestock, and other assets that would typically be passed down to future generations. This liquidation of property is often the only means by which they can gather enough funds to cover travel expenses, fees for smugglers, and other costs associated with illegal migration.

The hope of a “better life” abroad often masks the risks involved, including exploitation, abuse, and even death. These perilous journeys are sometimes fatal, with countless young Africans losing their lives each year in deserts, on unseaworthy boats, or at the hands of traffickers. Even for those who do make it, life in foreign countries is frequently far from what they envisioned, as they face discrimination, lack of legal protections, and often substandard living conditions.

Failed Corrupt African Leadership With Self-Interest

The role of African leadership is a significant factor in the challenges faced by young people across the continent. While other factors—such as historical, economic, and global market dynamics—also contribute, many argue that ineffective governance, corruption, and mismanagement of resources by African leaders have directly impacted job creation, economic stability, and social development.

Here are several ways in which leadership has influenced the current situation:

1. Resource Mismanagement: Africa is rich in natural resources—minerals, oil, agriculture—but the revenues from these resources often benefit a small elite or are directed towards personal gain rather than public development. Instead of investing in sustainable industries and infrastructure that could provide jobs, some leaders allow resources to be exploited by foreign companies with little benefit for local communities.
2. Corruption and Lack of Accountability: Corruption remains a pervasive issue in many African countries, diverting funds that could be used for development and job creation. The Mo Ibrahim Foundation, which monitors governance in Africa, has highlighted that billions are lost annually due to corrupt practices, resulting in fewer funds for education, healthcare, and employment programs.
3. Weak Education Systems: Many African countries continue to use outdated curricula that fail to equip students with skills that are in demand in the modern job market. Without a strong focus on science, technology, engineering, and vocational training, young people graduate without the skills needed to compete globally or drive local innovation.
4. Political Instability: Frequent political turmoil, coups, and civil unrest disrupt economic growth and deter both local and foreign investments. When businesses and investors perceive high levels of risk, they are less likely to operate in a country, resulting in fewer job opportunities and reduced economic growth.
5. Dependency on Foreign Aid and Loans: Many African countries remain heavily reliant on foreign aid and loans, which often come with conditions that restrict economic independence. This dependency cycle limits the ability of African governments to pursue long-term, locally-focused development plans and build a self-sustaining economy.
6. Inadequate Support for Entrepreneurs: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are a critical source of employment in Africa, but many young entrepreneurs struggle with limited access to funding, mentorship, and infrastructure. Government support for young entrepreneurs is often insufficient, which prevents these businesses from scaling and providing jobs for others.

While leaders alone cannot shoulder the blame for all challenges, effective governance can make a tremendous difference. When leaders prioritize transparency, invest in local economies, and support education and job creation, they create an environment in which young people can thrive. For Africa’s potential to be realized, there is a growing need for leaders who are committed to addressing these fundamental issues and developing the continent in a way that benefits all citizens.

International organizations are Helping to Reduce Youth Migration

The Youth Traveling Out of Africa for a better Life

Several international organizations are actively working within Africa to address the root causes of youth migration by promoting economic development, job creation, and skill-building. Here’s a list of key organizations involved in reducing youth migration by supporting African youth with education, employment, and entrepreneurial opportunities:

1. International Organization for Migration (IOM)

• The IOM implements programs that promote youth employment, skills development, and entrepreneurship to mitigate the pressures driving irregular migration.
• Programs such as the “Youth Employment and Empowerment Programme” offer support for young people, providing alternatives to migration through skill-building initiatives and job creation.

2. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

• UNDP works with African governments to develop and implement strategies for sustainable development and job creation.
• Initiatives like the “Youth Connekt Africa” program help to empower young Africans by connecting them to employment, entrepreneurial resources, and mentorship opportunities, reducing the need for them to seek work abroad.

3. The African Development Bank (AfDB)

• AfDB’s “Jobs for Youth in Africa Strategy” aims to create 25 million jobs and reach 50 million young people by 2025. The program focuses on boosting entrepreneurship, agricultural value chains, and the industrial sector to build employment opportunities locally.
• Through funding and support, AfDB works with African governments to build infrastructure and encourage business growth.

4. European Union (EU) – Trust Fund for Africa

• The EU launched the Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF), which addresses the root causes of migration by investing in job creation, education, and economic stability in African nations.
• EUTF provides funding for projects that build employment opportunities for African youth, promote vocational training, and develop local economies.

5. World Bank

• The World Bank supports Africa through programs like “Accelerating the Impact of Digital Transformation” to empower youth with digital skills, aiming to boost employability and reduce the push factors for migration.
• Through its “Youth Employment Programs”, the World Bank partners with African governments to develop initiatives that improve job prospects and address education gaps.

6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

• UNESCO’s “Youth Employment and Entrepreneurship” initiatives support African youth by promoting technical and vocational education, providing them with practical skills to succeed locally.
• Through partnerships with governments and private organizations, UNESCO works to align educational systems with labor market needs.

7. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

• GIZ’s “Employment for Sustainable Development in Africa” project, funded by the German government, promotes job creation and entrepreneurship for young Africans.
• GIZ operates programs like Make-IT in Africa and Skills Initiative for Africa that provide technical training, funding, and mentorship to aspiring entrepreneurs and job seekers.

8. International Labour Organization (ILO)

• ILO’s “Decent Jobs for Youth” initiative promotes employment opportunities for young Africans, especially in sectors like agriculture, green energy, and information technology.
• Through collaborations with governments and NGOs, ILO provides vocational training, business education, and support for creating decent work conditions, reducing the need for migration.

9. The Mastercard Foundation

• The “Young Africa Works” program by the Mastercard Foundation aims to create 30 million jobs for African youth by 2030.
• The program invests in education, digital literacy, and entrepreneurship, especially for marginalized youth, helping them build stable careers at home.

10. United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

• USAID funds a variety of programs that address youth unemployment, economic development, and education reform across Africa.
• The “YouthPower” initiative focuses on youth empowerment and skill-building, providing grants and resources to help young Africans build sustainable careers.

11. African Union (AU) – African Youth Charter

• The AU implements the African Youth Charter to empower young people and encourage entrepreneurship, with programs designed to keep African talent in Africa.
• The AU also promotes regional cooperation and policy advocacy to create favorable economic and social environments that can help retain young Africans on the continent.

12. Save the Children International

• Through various livelihood programs, Save the Children helps African youth develop practical skills, offering training in agriculture, business, and technology to increase job opportunities locally.

13. British Council

• The British Council’s “Going Global Partnerships” initiative collaborates with African institutions to improve education and foster employability among African youth, providing skills that align with market needs.

These organizations provide crucial support to reduce the economic and social factors that drive youth migration. Through initiatives that focus on skill-building, job creation, and entrepreneurship, they work to empower Africa’s youth with the resources they need to succeed locally and thrive within their communities.

In recent years, there has been a noticeable surge in youth-led protests across Africa, with young people demanding better governance, job opportunities, and economic reforms from their leaders. These protests represent a shift in youth engagement, as Africa’s younger generation grows increasingly frustrated with corruption, limited job prospects, and economic inequality. With Africa home to one of the world’s youngest populations—over 60% of the continent’s population is under 25—the call for change is louder and more persistent than ever.

Key Protests Highlighting Youth Frustration

Nigeria’s #EndSARS Movement

• The #EndSARS movement, initially aimed at ending police brutality, has since transformed into a larger protest against government corruption, youth unemployment, and a lack of economic opportunity. With over 40 million Nigerian youth unemployed, young people have used this movement to call attention to these pressing issues. The protests highlighted deep frustration over how government resources are managed, with youth demanding transparent governance and economic reform.

South Africa’s Unemployment Protests

• South Africa, where the youth unemployment rate stands at over 50%, has seen widespread protests from frustrated young people. Many young South Africans are graduates without job prospects due to slow economic growth and systemic issues. The protests, often held in universities and major cities, are calls to action for the government to address job shortages, corruption, and economic inequality. These demands have pushed the government to reconsider policies, though tangible results remain to be seen.

1. Kenya’s “Hustler Nation” Protests

• In Kenya, where unemployment and economic disparity are high, young people rallied around the “Hustler Nation” narrative, which calls for fair economic opportunities for the majority who struggle financially. The movement is partly a reaction against a political elite that many believe has left ordinary citizens, especially youth, behind. Youth in Kenya have taken to the streets to demand job creation, skill development, and an end to corruption.

Sudan’s Ongoing Youth-Led Movements

• Since the fall of President Omar al-Bashir, Sudanese youth have continued to protest against the transitional government, demanding rapid political and economic reforms. High unemployment and limited job opportunities have fueled these protests, with young people calling for leaders who will prioritize education, infrastructure, and job creation.

Tunisia’s Economic Protests

• Tunisia, once celebrated as a success story of the Arab Spring, is now facing economic challenges that have left many youth without jobs. This has led to protests calling for improved living conditions and more opportunities for young people. With the economy worsening, young Tunisians have become increasingly vocal about the need for reform and job creation, frequently clashing with security forces in frustration over unfulfilled promises of change.

Zambia’s Youth Activism for Job Creation

• Zambian youth have been actively protesting against unemployment and rising living costs, with calls for the government to create job opportunities. Young people in Zambia have expressed disappointment over the lack of economic progress and have urged their leaders to invest in industries that would generate employment.

Ghanaian Youth Prostest #FixTheCountry

The Ghanaian youth protests reflect a desire for a fair, equitable society where economic opportunity is available for all, especially the younger generation. The youth are seeking leaders who will prioritize the long-term prosperity of the country over short-term gains, and their growing activism may continue to shape Ghana’s political and economic landscape in the years to come.

The Root Causes of Youth Protests

Across these nations, a common theme has emerged—Africa’s youth feel abandoned by leaders who they believe are more focused on personal gain than on the welfare of citizens. Several key issues fuel these protests:

• High Unemployment Rates: Many African countries face high youth unemployment rates. For instance, Nigeria’s youth unemployment is over 40%, while South Africa’s exceeds 50%. Even educated young people struggle to find work due to economic stagnation and limited industries to absorb them.
• Corruption and Mismanagement: Corruption is widespread in many African countries, leading to a diversion of resources that could otherwise support job creation, education, and healthcare. Young Africans are frustrated by leaders who allocate state resources to personal projects rather than public development.
• Poor Education Systems and Skill Gaps: Many young Africans graduate without the practical skills needed to succeed in the job market. This is due in part to outdated curricula that do not align with current labor demands, especially in high-growth sectors like technology and manufacturing.
• Political Instability: Political instability, particularly in countries like Sudan and parts of the Sahel region, has further exacerbated economic challenges, discouraging investment and development. Young people are often the most affected, as instability disrupts job markets and leads to increased poverty.

The Demand for Job Creation and Economic Reform

Youth protesters across Africa are calling on leaders to take decisive actions to:

1. Promote Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses: Youth are pushing for access to funding, resources, and mentorship to start their businesses, believing that this will create jobs and stimulate local economies.
2. Invest in Skill Development and Modernize Education: African youth want governments to update educational curricula, focusing on technical skills and digital literacy to prepare young people for a rapidly changing global economy.
3. Ensure Transparency and Accountability: Young Africans are demanding transparent governance, with a focus on eliminating corruption. They believe public funds should be used to invest in infrastructure, job creation, and quality education.
4. Stimulate Industry Growth in High-Employment Sectors: Many youths are advocating for government support in sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and renewable energy, which have the potential to create millions of jobs.

Leaders’ Responses and the Path Forward

In response to these protests, some African leaders have promised reforms. For example, Nigeria’s government has announced new youth employment programs and grants, and South Africa’s government has launched initiatives to address youth unemployment. However, these initiatives are often slow to implement and may lack sufficient funding to address the issue fully.

The protests reflect a broader demand for inclusive governance and sustainable economic development that benefits all citizens. Young Africans are making it clear that they want leaders who prioritize development over personal gain, invest in future industries, and foster job creation within their home countries.

Africa’s youth-driven movements are an encouraging sign of political engagement and a testament to the potential for change led by the continent’s younger generation. As these movements gain traction, there is hope that they will push governments to act more decisively, creating an Africa where young people can thrive without feeling compelled to seek opportunities abroad.

Why Africa’s Youth Deserve a Future Here

Africa’s potential is enormous. With a young and dynamic population, the continent is brimming with talent and ambition. If given the right opportunities and resources, young Africans can contribute to building a self-sustaining economy that benefits future generations. Africa’s youth deserve a future where they don’t have to sacrifice their heritage and family wealth just to find stability.

Our hope is to see a new Africa—one where people no longer feel compelled to sell everything they own for a risky journey to uncertain foreign shores. We strive to keep this talent within Africa by building a community focused on skill development and career opportunities in relevant fields. By empowering African youth, we believe we can create an Africa that is prosperous, innovative, and self-reliant.

We invite you to join us on this mission to reshape the narrative and build a brighter future for Africa’s young people. Please share your thoughts, and together, let’s create a community that uplifts and empowers Africa from within.

Youth are running away to seek greener pastors. Our future leaders

1. Youth migration statistics
2. Accurate figures on youth migration
3. African youth emigration
4. Economic migration in Africa
5. Migration trends in Africa
6. African youth seeking better opportunities
7. International migration data
8. Youth travel statistics
9. Economic impact of youth migration
10. Youth aspirations and migration
11. Migration policies in Africa
12. Refugee statistics in Africa
13. Economic opportunities abroad
14. Remittances from African migrants
15. Youth unemployment and migration
16. Risky migration routes
17. Young Africans abroad
18. Brain drain in Africa
19. Migration challenges for youth
20. Regional migration patterns in Africa

By: Sarkodieh